Blog 6- What We Fear The Most About HIV.

For my research this week, I came across an article by Tyler J. Helms from his column called "Living the Questions" (Helms, 2011). Tyler Helms is "an award- winning advertising executive, a former TV journalist, and a contributor for the world's leading gay news magazine, The Advocate"(Helms, 2011). It's a great article and I personally think that it is an inspiration for others who are living with the disease. There are certain things that he said in the article that I've, myself, been given a lot of thoughts lately.

One of the things is said is that “there is power in the conversation around HIV/AIDS today, but I have struggled to elaborate beyond that. What message should this conversation be supporting, debating, or developing? What makes this disease so very different from any other illness? Why is it still so hard talk about? How would conversation help? On one hand, HIV is manageable; in its 30 years they have made advancements unlike any other terminal illness of its kind. But on the other hand, there is this huge social stigma, perception, and cloud of preconceived notions that follow even the healthiest HIV-positive person” (Helms, 2011). The researches, the knowledge, and the educations about HIV had progressed since the 1900s, which is good for HIV patients in regards to better treatment and health but what do they do for them socially? Why can’t a HIV-positive person come out publicly and be treated the same? We have come far from where we were in the 1900s, but we are not quite there yet.

He also stated that even though “no longer scared of dying from HIV, we are each in some way scared of living with it” (Helms, 2011).  Oh, that statement really hit the spot. Even though I wouldn’t want to discriminate against someone with HIV, I find out that I wouldn’t want to be them either. Like he put it, I am “Scared of being infected. Scared of being judged. Scared of someone lying about his or her status. Scared of getting sick. Scared of a sex life forever changed. Scared of what my friends may think, for taking a chance on love. Scared of never finding love. Scared of being alone. Scared of a world scared of me” (Helms, 2011).  I am a hypocrite???? I want to help fight the stigma about HIV and AIDS but as long I am not in that position, being a HIV positive.

Helms, T. (2011, Feb. 22). Living The Questions. Retreived from http://www.advocate.com/Health_and_Fitness/Health_and_Treatments/Living_the_Questions_February_23/

DID YOU KNOW

I had the chance to talk to a newlywed woman this week at a hair store and sometime during our conversation the disease HIV came up. She stated " it is impossible for me to get HIV, I've only been with one man I won't contract the disease". I was dumbfounded and she was very serious. I found it ironic because that is one of the myths for HIV. According to the Well Project, so people think they are safe from contracting HIV because they are monogamous. I tried to explain to her that even though she is a faithful wife that doesn’t mean her husband is, and that before her she doesn’t know who her husband has been in sexual contact with. I don’t think she liked my comment very much but she did thank me and we went our separate ways. Some questions need to be considered by everyone who is in any kind of relationship: “Were you tested for HIV before you got into the relationship? Was your partner? Are you sure both tests was negative? Do you spend twenty- four hours a day together?” (The Well Project, 2010).

The Well Project. (2010, July). Myths about HIV. Retrieved from http://www.thebody.com/content/whatis/art58887.html

Blog 5- Criminal transmission of HIV

A couple days ago I was watching a rerun of one of my favorites show Law & Order: SVU, and the episode was about criminalisation of transmitting HIV intentionally to someone else. I found it interesting and did some research about it.
 Many states and countries now allow the prosecution of HIV-positive people for all forms of transmission, including reckless and accidental, and even for exposure where no transmission has taken place (Avert.org, n.d). I found a table from avert.org that summarize some of the arguments for the criminalisation of HIV transmission, and the counter arguments against such legislation:

FOR CRIMINALISATION	AGAINST CRIMINALISATION
If you are HIV positive, failing to use protection is wrong, and people who do wrong should be brought to justice through the law regardless of their health status or background.	Criminalising HIV positive people does not address the complexities involved in disclosure and increases HIV stigma, particularly when positive people being brought to trial are demonised by the press.
Giving someone HIV is akin to murder.	HIV is an unpleasant virus to live with, but it is no longer a death sentence, and with modern antiretroviral drugs, HIV positive people can live a healthy life for many years.
If you are HIV positive, it is your duty to use protection. The idea of 'shared responsibility' is based on ideals that came about when HIV was still a 'gay' illness. With heterosexual relationships, it is not always a practical reality. Many women, even in the West, do not necessarily have the power to force their partners to wear a condom.	The more cases that come to court, the more people will believe that the responsibility for having safe sex should lie solely with positive people. This could in turn lead to more incidents of unprotected intercourse, with people believing it to be a legal responsibility for their partner to disclose any infection. Safe sex should always be a shared concern.
Criminalising people for reckless transmission will act as a deterrent and will make HIV positive people think twice before having unprotected sex.	The law has little effect on people's sexual behaviour, as is clear from the number of teens who have illegal underage sex. Criminalisation of transmission does however enable lovers to use the law as a way of exacting revenge. In such cases, the original HIV positive partner would always be at a natural disadvantage.
To ensure that people don't believe they are immune from prosecution just because they haven't taken an HIV test, it should be possible to call an HIV positive person 'reckless' even if they have never actually had an HIV test - knowledge that they have put themselves at risk in the past should be enough to make them aware of their HIV risk and thus legally obliged to use a condom in the future.	Prosecuting positive people for reckless transmission could well leave many afraid to be tested, believing that if they do find out their status, they could be liable to all sorts of criminal charges. Avoiding this problem by telling people they should be 'aware' of their risk even if they haven't tested for HIV is entirely unfair. It is also impossible to assess or judge how 'aware' of past risk of infection any one person is or should have been.
Putting people in prison will stop them from spreading HIV and endangering the community.	In the short term, this may be true, but imprisonment does nothing to help people come to terms with their HIV and take a safer attitude towards sex. Education and psychological counselling would be a more appropriate course of action in many cases. The sharing of needles for injecting drugs and the high incidence of male rape and sex between men in prisons also mean that HIV transmission is still perfectly possible, even behind bars.
Criminal cases help to uncover and warn lots of HIV positive people who might not otherwise learn their status.	Criminal cases give police licence to investigate the background of anyone they suspect of having passed on HIV. This can represent a serious invasion of privacy as well as a potential breach of confidentiality and anonymity, and it may well be entirely unjustified.
Laws on the transmission of diseases do not necessarily apply just to HIV. Many laws relating to HIV could potentially be used to prevent people spreading many other fatal illnesses.	No other illnesses are treated with the same hysteria as HIV, and few people are ever criminalised for transmitting them. It is for example very unlikely that anyone would think to prosecute an employee of a residential care home for coming into work with the flu and giving it to the residents, even if several of those residents subsequently died. HIV is only singled out in criminal cases because of its association with stigmatised groups and promiscuity.
HIV positive people can easily be divided into legal definitions of "guilty" (people who 'bring HIV upon themselves' and recklessly give it to others) and "innocent" (victims who were infected through no fault of their own, and would never put anyone else at risk).	These categorisations are far from clear cut, and most HIV positive people have at some point in their lives belonged to both. After all, everyone who transmits HIV was once a 'victim' of someone else with the virus.
Vulnerable women who do not have control over their sexual relations will find protection in laws that would prosecute reckless male partners.	Women will face a greater risk of prosecution as they more often know their status through attending health clinics more frequently. A HIV positive man may accuse his female partner of infecting him, because she was diagnosed first, even if he infected her and was not diagnosed until much later.

According to Avert.org:

            As of the end of 2008, 36 states in America had prosecuted HIV positive individuals for criminal transmission or HIV exposure, with many having laws specifically mentioning HIV. Some states punish those convicted of offences such as prostitution or rape more severely if the person knows they have HIV. Spitting or emitting HIV-infected bodily fluids at another person while in prison is also an offence in some states. Failure to disclose one's HIV status to a partner is most often the only necessary basis for prosecution, rather than intent to infect someone else or actual transmission of HIV. At least nine HIV-positive individuals in the US have been sentenced for spitting with sentences ranging from 90 days to 25 years. Samples of the laws are below:

            Alabama – Engaging in activities likely to transmit an STD is a class C misdemeanour.
California – Engaging in uninformed, unprotected sexual activity (exception for consent) with the intent to infect the other person is a felony punishable by up to 8 years in prison.
Colorado – Committing or soliciting prostitution with knowledge of being HIV positive are class 5 and 6 felonies.
Florida – Unlawful for person with HIV, with knowledge both of their infection and risk of sexual transmission, to have sex without disclosure and consent having taken place.
Michigan – It is a felony to engage in sexual penetration, however slight and regardless of whether semen has been emitted, without informing the other of his/her HIV status.
Missouri – It is a class B felony to expose a person to HIV if defendant knowingly acted in a reckless manner without knowledge and consent through oral, anal or vaginal sex. If complainant becomes infected, the charge is a class A felony. The use of a condom is not a defence.
New York – The applicable part of the law is reckless endangerment in the first degree for engaging in ‘conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person’.
Pennsylvania – The state Superior Court ruled in a 2006 case involving oral sex that HIV positive people who do not disclose their status to their sexual partners can be charged with reckless endangerment. It follows that any kind of unprotected sex without disclosure could be prosecuted.
Texas – HIV transmission cases have been brought to court under aggravated assault laws whereby a person “intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly… uses or exhibits a deadly weapon as part of an assault”. Saliva of an HIV infected person is considered a deadly weapon.

Avert.org. (n.d). Criminal Transmission of HIV. Retrieved from http://www.avert.org/criminal-transmission.htm

DID YOU KNOW

"Women who only have sex with women are generally at much lower risk for getting any sexually transmitted disease. But in rare cases, they can still get HIV. One report tells of a lesbian who was infected through sharing sex toys with an HIV-positive woman. Also, some women who consider themselves lesbians occasionally have sex with men, and can get infected that way. Lesbians who use drugs and share needles can get HIV from a needle that has been used by someone who is HIV positive" (The Well Project).

The Well Project. (2010, July). Myths about HIV. Retrieved from http://www.thebody.com/content/whatis/art58887.html

Blog 4- HIV and possible Cure!!!!!

        In Mumbai, India a new discovering, that is more bad than good, was found about the HIV disease while doing a "continuing research about HIV-discordant couples of whom only one partner has the virus"(Lyer, 2011).
       The research was perform by the National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH). "The NIRRH is an institute operates under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), located in Patel" (Lyer, 2011). Scientist of the NIRRH "have found in the case of a patient that the genetic sequence of the HIV virus in his blood sample was different from that in his sperm" (Lyer, 2011). The founding is both important and scary because it emphasizes "the disease's instability" (Lyer, 2011). The assistant director of the NIRRH team,Dr Atmaram Bandivdekar, stated that "HIV is so weak that it cannot replicate completely. Hence, its genetic sequence keeps changing as seen from the same patient's blood and semen samples" (Lyer, 2011). He beleives that this consecutive change of the disease is the reason why a cure haven't been found and it can also explain " the full-blown manifestation AIDS" (Lyer, 2011).

        "Bandivdekar said the finding would impact the current practice of allowing HIV-positive men to have their own children using infertility treatment. 'While making a test-tube baby in a laboratory, the sperm of an HIV-positive man is washed. But we have to now study if the sperm-wash is indeed completely safe in not transmitting the virus to the embryo' (lyer, 2011)

Lyer, M. (2011, Feb. 10). City Scientist bring bad news for HIV cure. Retrieved from http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/City-scientists-bring-bad-news-for-HIV-cure/articleshow/7464077.cms 

DID YOU KNOW???

I encounter this myth a lot, that HIV can be contracted through tears, sweat, mospuitoes bits, pools, or casual contact. According to the Well project, HIV can only be transmited through infected blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

The Well Project. (2010, July). Myths about HIV. Retrieved from http://www.thebody.com/content/whatis/art58887.html

Blog 3- Miss HIV

For this week blog, I want to introduce you all to Miss HIV. Throughout my research this week, I stumble upon a movie about the Miss HIV beauty pageant. I haven’t watched the movie yet but I am planning on it as soon as my order is in. I wanted to share it with the class because I thought it was pretty interesting and it was worth knowing.

       “Miss HIV, a documentary from Ethnographic Media, is a film of an unexpected beauty on a subject that is anything but beautiful - HIV/AIDS and the international struggle of competing HIV/AIDS policies” (Jalsevac, 2008). The movie focuses on unexplained and unanswered question such as ‘"Why, after countless billions of dollars have been spent on HIV/AIDS prevention and cures, is there still no end in sight? Why are millions still dying of a preventable disease? And who is to blame?" (Jalsevac, 2008). The documentary was inspired by the Miss HIV beauty pageant contest Botswana’s capital city, Gaborone.  

The HIV beauty pageant was created out of anger by Basha Mupeli who was fired from her job and humiliated after she was declared HIV positive in 2003(Benjamin, 2009). From an interview made by Benjamin with a 29 years old HIV positive woman name Tshebetso Thobolo, she stated that “The attitude here is that it’s OK to be a man and have this virus but women who are infected are worthless” (2009). “It’s the men we need to reach. If we have to get them here with the promise of beautiful women, then that’s fine. At least they come, and then, while they sit and watch the ladies, they are being educated. I hope they will one day get the message that wearing a condom doesn’t make them less macho” stated Basha (Benjamin, 2009). Every woman who are openly living with HIV in Botswana are invited to audition for the beauty pageant and the goal is to educated the public especially men (Benjamin, 2009). “The final competition includes a catwalk fashion show, dance displays and inspirational speeches by the twelve contestants” (Benjamin, 2009). 

        The documentary was created to “showcase attractive, healthy-looking women who are also HIV-positive in an effort to eradicate "stigma" and raise awareness” (Jalsevac, 2008). “The movie follows two of the Miss HIV contestant on their journey to the Miss HIV catwalk, and places us in the midst of their lives and their families” (Jalsevac, 2008).

"Winner of the Miss HIV Stigma free 2007 contest, Maria Motse (centre) on stage at the end of the competition. Photo by David White" (Benjamin, 2009).

References

Jalsevac, J. (2008, Sep. 5). Miss HIV: A Film To Change How The World Sees HIV/AIDS. Retrieved from http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/2008/sep/08090201

Benjamin. (2009, Sep. 5). miss HIV Contest in Botswana. Retrieved from http://www.adevelopingstory.org/2009/miss-hiv-botswana



         

DID YOU KNOW

A common myth about HIV and AIDS is that those who are still virgins are safe from the disease and that it is not necessary to get tested. Well According to The Well Project, "virgin is only a label" and that if one "had oral or anal sex but never genital sex", he or she is at risk (The Well Project, 2010). And besides, sex is not the only way a person can contract HIV, someone can get infected through sharing needdles like tatoos, body piercing, or IV drug use (The Well Project, 2010). And it can be past from mother to child through breast feeding or during delivery (The Well Project, 2010).

The Well Project. (2010, July). Myths about HIV. Retrieved from http://www.thebody.com/content/whatis/art58887.html